Estimates of Source Spectra of Ships from Long Term Recordings in the Baltic Sea
نویسندگان
چکیده
Estimates of the noise source spectra of ships based on long term measurements in the Baltic sea are presented. The measurement data were obtained by a hydrophone deployed near a major shipping lane south of the island Öland. Data from over 2,000 close-by passages were recorded during a 3 month period from October to December 2014. For each passage, ship-to-hydrophone transmission loss (TL) spectra were computed by sound propagation modeling using
منابع مشابه
The potential future contribution of shipping to acidification of the Baltic Sea
International regulation of the emission of acidic sulphur and nitrogen oxides from commercial shipping has focused on the risks to human health, with little attention paid to the consequences for the marine environment. The introduction of stricter regulations in northern Europe has led to substantial investment in scrubbers that absorb the sulphur oxides in a counterflow of seawater. This pap...
متن کاملFirst record of Pontogammarus robustoides Sars, 1894 (Crustacea: Amphipoda) in the Gulf of Riga (Baltic Sea)
The paper presents the first record of the Ponto-Caspian amphipod crustacean Pontogammarus robustoides G.O. Sars, 1894, in the Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea. Eight individuals of this invasive amphipod were found in June 2009, in shallow waters of the gulf near Yurmala city. Most likely this species entered the Gulf of Riga from Latvian rivers emptying into the Baltic Sea, where it was previously fo...
متن کاملBiomonitoring of trace metal bioavailability in the barnacle Amphibalanus improvisus along the Iranian coast of the Caspian Sea
The fouling barnacle Amphibalanus improvisus is a cosmopolitan biomonitor of trace metal bioavailability in coastal waters of reduced salinity such as estuaries or the Baltic Sea. Bioavailability of Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn to A. improvisus was investigated in July 2014 at 15 sites along the Iranian coast of the understudied, yet biologically unique, Caspian Sea. In gene...
متن کاملValidation of ERA-Interim Precipitation Estimates over the Baltic Sea
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim reanalysis total precipitation estimates are validated against ten years of in situ precipitation measurements onboard of ships over the Baltic Sea. A statistical analysis for binary forecasts and mean rain rates derived from all data show a good agreement with observations. However, a closer look reveals an underestimation ...
متن کاملQuantification of water, salt, oxygen and nutrient exchange of the Baltic Sea from observations in the Arkona Basin
Inflow of high-saline water of oceanic origin and diapycnal mixing force the vertical circulation of the Baltic Sea. The inflows of saline water are also enriched with oxygen and therefore the oxygen concentrations of the deep layers of the Baltic are strongly dependent on long-term inflow variations. This paper presents flux calculations for water, salt, nutrients and oxygen from the Arkona Ba...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2017